Dhulka ayaa mid ah ee dhammaad ah oo ka mid ah waxyaabka si fiican, ku jiraan in lagu siiyo, lagu shaqo, lagu guurso, ama lagu soo galin doqonka dhulka ee dhammaad ah, si aysataa si fiican iyo ugu muuqataa macluumaadka dhulka. Waxyaabkaas ayaa ku yimid marka uu dhammaadka ay ku sameeyeen graphite ee ballanka ah, oo ka soo jeedo xiriirka bulshada (tensile strength ≥420 MPa), qaybta iyo korista kor, si ay ku jiro dadweynaha iyo sharciga ah ee dhulka. Maxkamada adeegsiga ah ayuu yimid balli, tees, crosses, reducers, couplings, iyo flanges, wuxuu ka mid ah haddii aad ugu baahan tahay darashada adeegsiyada. Haddii kale, balli 90° iyo 45° ayaa ku guurso doqonka dhulka; tees iyo crosses ayaa ku shaqo balli; reducers ayaa ku soo galin doqonka; couplings ayaa lagu siiyo qaataka dhulka. Dhamaantooda ayaa yimid sand casting ama centrifugal casting, markii uu qaybta lacag badbaadada ah oo ka soo jeedo koorinta wall thickness iyo ku saabsan defect free structures. Heat treatment ayaa ku haysta lacag carruurta ah, markii uu surface coatings (zinc, epoxy) ay ku cadiso sharciinta kor, iyo internal linings ay ku cadiso medium hygiene. Waxyaabka dhammaadka ayaa ka mid ah joogga ee jooga ee dhulka, sida rubber ring joints la xiriirayo flexiblility ama mechanical joints la xiriirayo dadweynaha sharciinta, si ay ku jirto connections leak proof iyo adaptability to ground movement. Ayaa ku yimid fudud ee dhaqaale, sharciinta, gas, iyo macluumaadka, si ay ku jirto medium flow smooth iyo system reliability. Xiriirka ayaa ka mid ah factor maxaystay diameterka dhulka, sharciga, medium type, iyo installation environment, markii uu international standards (ISO, ASTM) ay ku yimid specifications guidance compatibility iyo safety. Durability iyo ease of installation ayaa ku yimid importance ee ay ku jirto infrastructure projects worldwide.