Qar qalbiyeedka (Electric Resistance Welding) ee dhexdeeda ahayd waxaa lagu horjeediyay dadweynaha carruurta oo ay ku saabsan kartaa qarqarada steelka ka dib marka loogu sameeyo qalinaha steelka si shacab, wuxuu ka mid ah qar qofka ah ee aan ugu yaraan in la heli karaan. Proceska carruurtanka ayaa mid ah carruurta carruurta ah ee qalinaha steelka ah ee ku jirto diameter dheeraad ah (ku jira 15mm–1200mm), waxbarashada carruurta ah ee ku jirto corri badan ee ku jirto haddii ahaan ASTM A53 Grade B, Q235B, ama EN 10219, wall thicknesses ayaa ku jirto mid ka mid ah 2mm to 16mm si aad uga soo galin kartaa ratings carruurta ee low (≤1.6 MPa) to moderate (≤4.0 MPa). Qarqarada ERW ayaa ku jirta carruurta ee ku jirto supports carruurta (scaffolding, building frames), ama transport fluid (water supply, sewage, gas distribution). Fursadooda ayaa mid ah dimensional control ee precise (diameter tolerance ±0.75%), carruurta ah ee ku jirto weld integrity ee ku fudud hydrostatic testing (1.5x working pressure) ama non destructive testing (eddy current inspection). Surface treatments macaamiisha ah ayaa ku jirta hot dip galvanization (ASTM A123) ama polyethylene wrapping si aad uga soo galin kartaa protection ee korosion underground ama outdoor installations. Qarqarada ERW ayaa ku jirta standards carruurta badan ee ku jirto API 5L (for pipeline steel), ama ASTM A53 (covering both ERW and furnace butt welded pipes), si aad ugu yaraan compatibility fittings carruurta ah ee flanges, couplings, ama threaded ends. Dhexdeedda carruurta ah ayaa ku jiran inaad u baahan kartaa carruurta ah ee ku jirto ease of installation—waxaa lahayd inaad ugu tag kartaa, ugu galo, ama ugu sameeyo on site using standard tools, ama cost effectiveness carruurta ah ee ku jirto seamless pipes for non critical high pressure applications. Quality control ayaa mid ah checking for ovality (≤1% of diameter), ama wall thickness uniformity, suppliers carruurta ah ayaa mid ah mill certificates ee ku jirto material properties ama test results for project compliance.