Dhulka dhulka loo sameynayo waa qof kale ee dhammaan ee siinaha ahayd, waxa uu ka mid ah ugu yar reerka iyo sharciga (300–600°C) iyo dumashada (10–30 MPa), oo ay ku talagalay sharci badbaadaha iyo xogta ah. U baahnaa markii u adeegsanaa dheeraadka alloy steels ee la xiriirayo sida GB 5310 20G (China), ASTM A179 (USA), ama EN 10216 2 16Mo3 (Europe), oo dhulkaas ay ku sameyn doonaa qaar sulfur/phosphorus (≤0.025%) markii uu ka tagto embrittlement iyo fine grained microstructures la xiriirayo koodka ah ee optimal creep resistance. Proceska seamless—waxaa lagu sameynayo hot rolled markii uu ku jira cold drawing for precision—ku jiro wall thickness uniform oo internal cleanliness ah, kuwaas oo la xiriirayo scale buildup ee ku jira high temperature applications. Testyada caawimaad ah inta badan ayaa: 1) high temperature tensile tests (verifying yield strength ah service temperature); 2) hydraulic tests (1.5x working pressure for 5 minutes); 3) grain size analysis (ASTM E112, Grade 5–8 for consistency). Surface treatments ayaa minimal ah (bare or protective oil coating) markii uu ka tagto contamination, maanmadeed, waxaa sumaysa boilers ee ku sameynayo internal oxidation resistant coatings (aluminum silicon alloy) for extended service life. Applications ayaa ku jirin power plant superheaters, industrial boiler tubes, iyo waste heat recovery systems, kuwaas oo failure ay ku tidhi accidents ee la isla'aan ah. Compliance with standards sida ASME BPVC Section I (Power Boilers) waa mandatory, oo ay ku talagalay manufacturers inaad uga soo galiso rigorous quality records iyo undergo periodic audits to ensure material traceability iyo structural integrity under extreme operating conditions.